Enhanced photo-electrochemical activity of ZnO/Cu2S nanotube arrays photocathodes

ZnO/Cu₂S nanotube arrays are fabricated firstly by a facile and capping-agent-free method, and the photo-electrochemical performance has been studied systematically. The results show that ZnO/Cu₂S nanotube arrays achieve enhanced photo-electrochemical water splitting performance and the photocurrent densities of ZnO/Cu₂S are 7.9 times than that of ZnO at 0 V versus Ag/AgCl. The performance of the ZnO/Cu₂S nanotube arrays can be adjusted by changing the amount of Cu₂S microcrystals. The results confirm that the enhanced photo-electrochemical performance of ZnO/Cu₂S is due to the significantly improved visible light absorption, effective separation of photo-induced carriers due to the well band energy match and the formed p-n junction between ZnO and Cu₂S.     

Rational Designs for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Low Electrolyte/Sulfur Ratio

Lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are considered a promising next-generation energy storage device owing to their high theoretical energy density. However, their overall performance is limited by several critical issues such as lithium polysulfide (PS) shuttles, low sulfur utilization, and unstable Li metal anodes. Despite recent huge progress, the electrolyte/sulfur ratio (E/S) used is usually very high (≥20 µL mg⁻¹), which greatly reduces the practical energy density of devices. To push forward LSBs from the lab to the industry, considerable attention is devoted to reducing E/S while ensuring the electrochemical performance. To date, however, few reviews have comprehensively elucidated the possible strategies to achieve that purpose. In this review, recent advances in low E/S cathodes and anodes based on the issues resulting from low E/S and the corresponding solutions are summarized. These will be beneficial for a systematic understanding of the rational design ideas and research trends of low E/S LSBs. In particular, three strategies are proposed for cathodes: preventing PS formation/aggregation to avoid inadequate dissolution, designing multifunctional macroporous networks to address incomplete infiltration, and utilizing an imprison strategy to relieve the adsorption dependence on specific surface area. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for low E/S LSBs are discussed.     

Fast Quantitative Analysis of Hidden Dangerous Substances in Mail Based on Specific Interval PLS

Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves - Terahertz radiation has many unique characteristics that make it useful for noninvasive mail inspection. While qualitative analysis of mail...     

不同成熟度和产地初加工方法对栀子中4种活性成分含量的影响

研究栀子不同产地初加工方法对样品中栀子酸、绿原酸、栀子苷、西红花苷Ⅰ 4种活性成分含量的影响；采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C₁₈（5 μm，4.6 mm×250 mm）色谱柱，以乙腈?0.1%磷酸水溶液为流动相，梯度洗脱，流速1.0 mL/min，柱温30 ℃，检测波长:栀子酸和栀子苷238 nm，绿原酸328 nm，西红花苷Ⅰ 440 nm。采用400倍40%甲醇超声提取40 min能将4种成分有效提取出来。结果表明栀子以中成熟和成熟时采收最佳，干燥前有必要进行杀青处理，120 s蒸法杀青和30 s煮法杀青效果相当且最佳；不同干燥方法样中，50℃热风干燥效果最佳；杀青后切制干燥样中活性成分含量高于不切制干燥样；室温避光储存一年半后的不同处理样品中栀子酸、绿原酸、西红花苷Ⅰ的含量均无显著变化（P>0.05），栀子苷含量均显著降低（P<0.05）。此方法以栀子酸、绿原酸、栀子苷和西红花苷Ⅰ 4种活性成分含量为指标评价栀子质量，为栀子的采收、加工、储存提供了理论依据。     

基于数值模拟的嘉兴城区河网水文特征

基于MIKE 11河网水动力模型,利用2010年—2019年实测气象水文资料,分析了嘉兴城区大包围圈内外主要河流的入流和出流特征.结果显示:嘉兴城区主要来流河道是苏州塘和杭州塘,出流河道主要为长纤塘、嘉善塘和平湖塘;平均来流量为88.2 m3/s,出流量为93.3 m3/s;年均和月均来流量变化较大,最枯月的平均来流量为50.1 m3/s,90％保证率枯水月的平均来流量为59.3 m3/s;大包围圈内部河道的平均流量为28.3 m3/s,平均出流量为19.1 m3/s,这表明大量外部来水未进入大包围圈内部河道,而是通过环郊河"短路"绕过嘉兴城区,流向东北;大包围圈内部河道的最枯月平均入流量为14.5 m3/s,90％保证率枯水月的平均入流量为18.3 m3/s.研究结果可为嘉兴城区河网综合规划和生态治理提供科学依据.     

基于芯片化配电网终端的智能环网柜研究

本次研究针对配电网终端的智能环网柜进行了芯片化设计,通过数字信号处理芯片实现多路模拟测量.综合运用DSP2047芯片装置和快速傅里叶变换算法显著提升了环网柜谐波分析能力,经实验研究发现,内置芯片模块的智能环网柜能够对谐波进行有效的控制.     

锯齿错列肋片尾气换热器的热电性能优化

由于尾气传热性能差,尾气余热热电转换系统中常采用具有强化换热结构的尾气换热器,其中,锯齿错列肋片式是常见型式之一.但如何平衡传热性能和流动阻力实现对换热器内部结构和整体尺寸的优化,使得热电系统获得总的净输出功率最大,是值得研究的内容.但现有成果均是基于限定尺寸结构,对换热器局部尺度及热电性能进行分析,没有针对强化换热器的整体优化结构和最大净输出功率展开研究.建立基于汽车尾气余热回收的热电转换数值模型,结合场协同理论,分析锯齿错列肋片式尾气换热器内部肋片结构对热电功率的影响.此外,综合考虑传热性能与流动阻力的平衡,以热电转换最大净输出功率为优化目标,对热电模块结构进行优化,并获得热电系统的相应最优性能.研究结果表明,固定热电模块尺寸时,净输出功随肋片高度增加明显增加,但受肋宽影响较小;对热电模块尺寸进行优化时,肋高和肋宽的变化均对热电模块的最优尺寸产生较大影响,单位面积最大净输出功随肋宽增加而明显降低,但受肋高的影响较小.     

碳纤维布约束下水泥砂浆动态力学及能量特征EI北大核心CSCD

为研究碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)对水泥砂浆的加固效果,针对普通水泥砂浆和CFRP布端面约束水泥砂浆,采用分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)分别进行恒定气压(0.3 MPa)和递增气压(0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 MPa)循环冲击压缩试验,分析了试件的应力-应变曲线、破坏形态和能量特征.结果表明:与普通水泥砂浆试件相比,CFRP布端面约束水泥砂浆试件的循环冲击次数、峰值应力和峰值应变均有显著提高,且其峰值应力随着应变率的提高而增大;CFRP布的断裂部位主要发生在碳纤维横向连接处,CFRP布减缓了试件内部裂缝的产生,提高了试件的延性,表现出更好的抗冲击能力,试件的残余强度增加;端面粘贴CFRP布可以提高水泥砂浆的能量吸收能力,在相同冲击气压作用下,CFRP布端面约束水泥砂浆产生裂纹所需的能量高于普通水泥砂浆.